Epigenética no Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional: Da Programação Fetal às Doenças Metabólicas na Vida Adulta

Maria Ramos; Kethilyn Ricardo; Lara Rabelo; Nayara Silva; Giovanna Oliveira; Larissa Miranda; Pedro Santos; Evelynn Melo; Gustavo Diniz

doi:10.36489/nursing.2026v32i341p22530-22547

Autores/as

Maria Ramos Faculdade de Minas (FAMINAS-BH) https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8338-8046
Kethilyn Ricardo Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0940-7842
Lara Rabelo Faculdade Anhanguera https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5805-3088
Nayara Silva Universidade Católica de Pernambuco https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2664-4965
Giovanna Oliveira Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) – Canoas https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3705-7258
Larissa Miranda Universidade Católica de Brasília https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0349-5250
Pedro Santos Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8925-3926
Evelynn Melo Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8621-1171
Gustavo Diniz Faculdade Asgard

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36489/nursing.2026v32i341p22530-22547

Palabras clave:

Diabetes Gestacional, Epigénesis Genética, Metabolómica, Desarrollo Fetal

Resumen

Objetivo: Analizar críticamente las evidencias sobre los mecanismos epigenéticos implicados en la programación fetal inducida por la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) y sus repercusiones metabólicas tardías en la descendencia.

Método: Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura mediante búsquedas en las bases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science, incluyendo estudios publicados entre 2016 y 2026, además de trabajos clásicos relacionados con el concepto de los Orígenes del Desarrollo de la Salud y la Enfermedad (DOHaD).

Resultados: Los hallazgos indican que las alteraciones en la metilación del ADN, las modificaciones de histonas, los ARN no codificantes y los perfiles metabolómicos pueden contribuir a cambios persistentes en la expresión génica y el metabolismo energético. Sin embargo, estos efectos resultan de la interacción entre el ambiente intrauterino, la susceptibilidad genética y las exposiciones posnatales.

Conclusión: La integración de datos epigenéticos y metabolómicos amplía la comprensión de la DMG y puede favorecer la identificación precoz del riesgo y el desarrollo de estrategias preventivas de precisión.

Biografía del autor/a

Maria Ramos, Faculdade de Minas (FAMINAS-BH)

Graduanda em Medicina na Faculdade de Minas

Kethilyn Ricardo, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe

Graduanda em Medicina nas Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe

Lara Rabelo, Faculdade Anhanguera

Graduanda em Fisioterapia na Faculdade Anhanguera

Nayara Silva, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco

Graduanda em Medicina na Universidade Católica de Pernambuco

Giovanna Oliveira, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) – Canoas

Graduanda em Medicina na Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) – Canoas

Larissa Miranda, Universidade Católica de Brasília

Graduanda em Medicina na Universidade Católica de Brasília

Pedro Santos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas

Graduando em Medicina na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)

Evelynn Melo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Mestre pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)

Citas

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