Epigenética no Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional: Da Programação Fetal às Doenças Metabólicas na Vida Adulta

Maria Ramos; Kethilyn Ricardo; Lara Rabelo; Nayara Silva; Giovanna Oliveira; Larissa Miranda; Pedro Santos; Evelynn Melo; Gustavo Diniz

doi:10.36489/nursing.2026v32i341p22530-22547

Authors

Maria Ramos Faculdade de Minas (FAMINAS-BH) https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8338-8046
Kethilyn Ricardo Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0940-7842
Lara Rabelo Faculdade Anhanguera https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5805-3088
Nayara Silva Universidade Católica de Pernambuco https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2664-4965
Giovanna Oliveira Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) – Canoas https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3705-7258
Larissa Miranda Universidade Católica de Brasília https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0349-5250
Pedro Santos Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8925-3926
Evelynn Melo Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8621-1171
Gustavo Diniz Faculdade Asgard

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36489/nursing.2026v32i341p22530-22547

Keywords:

Diabetes, Gestational, Epigenesis, Genetic, Metabolomics, Fetal Development

Abstract

Objective: To critically analyze the evidence regarding the epigenetic mechanisms involved in fetal programming induced by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their long-term metabolic repercussions in the offspring.

Method: An integrative literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, including studies published between 2016 and 2026, as well as landmark studies related to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept.

Results: The findings indicate that changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and metabolomic profiles may contribute to persistent alterations in gene expression and energy metabolism. However, these effects result from the interaction between the intrauterine environment, genetic susceptibility, and postnatal exposures.

Conclusion: The integration of epigenetic and metabolomic data broadens the understanding of GDM and may support early risk identification and the development of precision preventive strategies.

Author Biographies

Maria Ramos, Faculdade de Minas (FAMINAS-BH)

Graduanda em Medicina na Faculdade de Minas

Kethilyn Ricardo, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe

Graduanda em Medicina nas Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe

Lara Rabelo, Faculdade Anhanguera

Graduanda em Fisioterapia na Faculdade Anhanguera

Nayara Silva, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco

Graduanda em Medicina na Universidade Católica de Pernambuco

Giovanna Oliveira, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) – Canoas

Graduanda em Medicina na Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) – Canoas

Larissa Miranda, Universidade Católica de Brasília

Graduanda em Medicina na Universidade Católica de Brasília

Pedro Santos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas

Graduando em Medicina na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas)

Evelynn Melo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Mestre pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)

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