Intervenciones No Farmacológicas para Mitigar la Experiencia del Dolor Pediátrico Durante la Administración de Vacunas Inyectables
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36489/nursing.2026v31i332p12516-12539Palabras clave:
Vacunación infantil, Manejo del dolor, Ensayo clínico, Práctica basada en la evidenciaResumen
Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura científica las evidencias sobre la adopción de diferentes estrategias no farmacológicas cognitivas/conductuales o sensoriales/físicas para reducir el dolor durante la vacunación pediátrica. Metodología: Revisión de alcance realizada de acuerdo con las directrices del Joanna Briggs Institute. La búsqueda, llevada a cabo entre julio y septiembre de 2025 en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL y Google Scholar, incluyó ensayos clínicos publicados entre 2020 y 2025, en portugués e inglés, que involucraron a niños de 0 a 12 años sometidos a inmunizaciones inyectables. Resultados: Ocho estudios con un total de 772 niños evaluaron intervenciones como la lactancia materna, Buzzy, ShotBlocker, la realidad virtual y los juguetes terapéuticos. Todas demostraron una reducción significativa del dolor y la ansiedad en comparación con la técnica convencional. Consideraciones finales: Las intervenciones cognitivas/conductuales y sensoriales/físicas demostraron ser eficaces para la mitigación del dolor, promoviendo la humanización y una mejor calidad en la vacunación infantil.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ana Carolina de Azevedo Pena , Marielly Fernanda Oliveira, Michel Marcos Dalmedico, Thais Pacheco
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
