Prevalência e Fatores Associados à Ansiedade e Depressão em Adolescentes Vivendo com HIV: Revisão Integrativa

Ana Maria Santana Lima; Giovanna Camara Rodrigues; Breno da Silva Oliveira; Iara Barbosa Ramos; Muriel Fernanda de Lima; Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa; Ítalo Arão Pereira Ribeiro; Daniel de Macêdo Rocha

doi:10.36489/nursing.2026v31i337p14263-14292

Autores

Ana Maria Santana Lima Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0345-4961
Giovanna Camara Rodrigues Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9594-3954
Breno da Silva Oliveira Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0950-2951
Iara Barbosa Ramos Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-4336
Muriel Fernanda de Lima Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9812-659X
Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa Universidade Estadual do Maranhão https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6018-5439
Ítalo Arão Pereira Ribeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-1447
Daniel de Macêdo Rocha UNIVERIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-2143

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36489/nursing.2026v31i337p14263-14292

Palavras-chave:

Adolescente, HIV, Ansiedade, Depressão, Fatores de Risco

Resumo

Objetivo: Analisar, na literatura, a prevalência e os fatores associados à ansiedade e depressão em adolescentes vivendo com HIV. Método: Revisão integrativa, com busca e seleção em cinco bases de dados. Foram incluídos estudos que avaliaram, entre adolescentes, a prevalência, preditores e determinantes da ansiedade e depressão. Dois revisores conduziram o processo de elegibilidade. Foram utilizadas ferramentas de gerenciamento de dados e análise do nível de evidência para síntese do conhecimento. Resultados: Esta revisão integrou 16 produções. A depressão prevaleceu, com taxas que variaram de 12% a 46%. Para a ansiedade, os indicadores chegaram a 43%. Mulheres, de baixa renda, em situação de conflitos familiares, de isolamento social e com baixa adesão ao tratamento concentraram as maiores taxas de sofrimento mental. Conclusão: Ansiedade e depressão representam desfechos prevalentes entre adolescentes com HIV. Marcadores biológicos, sociais, educacionais, econômicos e de saúde foram determinantes, reforçando um padrão de risco ampliado.

Biografia do Autor

Ana Maria Santana Lima, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul

Enfermeira. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Coxim – MS, Brasil.

Giovanna Camara Rodrigues, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS. Av. Márcio Lima Nantes s/n, Coxim - MS, 79400-000

Breno da Silva Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul

Acadêmico de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS.

Iara Barbosa Ramos, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul

Doutora em Enfermagem. Docente de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS.

Muriel Fernanda de Lima, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul

Doutora em Enfermagem. Docente de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS. Coxim, MS

Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Doutor em Enfermagem. Docente de Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão – UEMA. Coroatá, MA, Brasil

Ítalo Arão Pereira Ribeiro

Doutor em Enfermagem. Docente de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS. Coxim, MS, Brasil

Daniel de Macêdo Rocha, UNIVERIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL

Doutor em Enfermagem. Docente de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS. Coxim, MS

Referências

Silhol R, Booton RD, Mitchell KM, Stannah J, Stevens O, Dimitrov D, et al. Identifying priority populations for HIV interventions using acquisition and transmission indicators: a combined analysis of 15 mathematical models from ten African countries. Lancet HIV. [Internet]. 2026 [cited 2025 Oct 10];13(1):e30-e39. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(25)00199-7.

Rodrigues RCP, Antonini M, Lima LDES, Rocha DM, Gir E, Reis RK. Motivations, benefits, and barriers to the use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis based on the health belief model. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Jun 25];33:e4653. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.7357.4653.

UNAIDS. Atualização Global da UNAIDS sobre a AIDS 2024: a urgência do agora: a AIDS em uma encruzilhada. [Internet]. Genebra: UNAIDS; 2024 [cited 2025 Jun 25]. Available from: https://unaids.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/RelatorioGlobalPTBR.pdf.

Zhan S, Ouyang F, Zhai W, Yang H. Prevalence of mental disorders among young people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Jun 25];12:1392872. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1392872.

Hempel LM, Geiger M, Betsch C. Toward a unified understanding of climate anxiety: examining measures of climate and eco-anxiety. PLoS One. [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Jun 25];20(12):e0339562. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0339562.

Grasso V, Hernandorena C, Dines M, Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ, Vázquez G. Mixed features in depressive and bipolar disorders: an updated systematic review. J Affect Disord. [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Jun 25];398:120929. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.120929.

Ji J, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Jia L, Cai M, Li Z, et al. People living with HIV/AIDS also have a high prevalence of anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Jun 25];15:1259290. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1259290.

Aguiar RG, Monteiro CN, Castro SS, Figueiredo TKF, Goldbaum M, Cesar CLG. Multimorbidity and utilization of health services in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors. Cien Saude Colet. [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Jun 25];29(9):e15002022. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024299.15002022.

Whittemore R, Knafl K. The integrative review: updated methodology. J Adv Nurs. [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2025 Sep 10];52(5):546-553. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03615.x.

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Sep 10];372:n71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.

Freire IM, Minayo MCS. Trajectories of adolescents living with vertical transmission-HIV virus. Cien Saude Colet. [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 10];29(8):e05172024. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024298.05172024.

Jordaan JI, Phillips N, Hoare J. Living through a pandemic: depression and anxiety experienced by youth living with HIV in South Africa. AIDS Care. [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 10];36(1):44-52. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2023.2282072.

Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Porras-Segovia A, Dunne H, Andrade-González N, Cervilla JA. Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder: a systematic review. Braz J Psychiatry. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 Sep 10];42(6):657-672. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0650.

Gordis L. Epidemiologia. 5ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Thieme Revinter; 2017.

Pizzichini MMM, Patino CM, Ferreira JC. Measures of frequency: calculating prevalence and incidence in the era of COVID-19. J Bras Pneumol. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 Sep 10];46(3):e20200243. Available from: https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20200243.

Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM). Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: levels of evidence. [Internet]. Oxford: University of Oxford; 2009 [cited 2025 Sep 10]. Available from: https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels-of-evidence/oxford-centre-for-evidence-based-medicine-levels-of-evidence-march-2009.

Aromataris E, Lockwood C, Porritt K, Pilla B, Jordan Z. JBI manual for evidence synthesis. JBI. [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 10]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-24-01.

Machado DM, Duda SN, Succi RCM, Kim A, Ranadive P, Rouzier V, et al. HIV care continuum outcomes among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean. Open Forum Infect Dis. [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 15];12(7):ofaf353. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf353.

Ganu V, Torpey K, Lartey M, Fiagbe D, Odikro MA, Shabanova V, et al. Depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res Treat. [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 15];2025:3249809. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/arat/3249809.

Kwesiga JM, Namuli JD, Akimana B, Serunjogi JN, Kitaka SB, Seggane M, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with mental health challenges among adolescents with HIV and viral non-suppression in rural northern Uganda. Front Public Health. [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 15];13:1568575. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568575.

Ro L, Akinsulore A, Oa O, Oo A, Sk M, As A. Depression and its association with psychological factors among adolescents living with HIV in Southwestern Nigeria. BMC Psychiatry. [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Oct 15];23(1):531. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04912-8.

Ndongo FA, Kana R, Nono MT, Noah JYA, Ndzie P, Tejiokem MC, et al. Mental health troubles among Cameroonian adolescents perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Oct 15];71(3):101422. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2022.101422.

Gamassa E, Steven E, Mtei R, Kaaya S. Prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation and associated risk factors in adolescents receiving care and treatment for HIV/AIDS at a tertiary health facility in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Res Sq. [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Oct 15]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2534893/v1.

Velo Higueras C, Martín-Bejarano García M, Domínguez-Rodríguez S, Ruiz Sáez B, Cuéllar-Flores I, García-Navarro C, et al. Prevalence of psychological symptoms and associated risk factors in a Spanish sample of HIV-positive youth compared to uninfected peers. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 15];96(3):203-212. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2020.05.007.

Mpango RS, Ssembajjwe W, Rukundo GZ, Salisbury TT, Levin J, Gadow KD, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and negative outcomes of anxiety and depressive disorders among HIV-infected children and adolescents in Uganda: CHAKA study 2014–2017. Psychiatry J. [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 15];2022:8975704. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8975704.

Mukangabire P, Moreland P, Kanazayire C, Rutayisire R, Nkurunziza A, Musengimana D, et al. Prevalence and factors related to depression among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Gasabo District, Rwanda. Rwanda J Med Health Sci. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 15];4(1):37-52. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v4i1.4.

Aurpibul L, Sophonphan J, Malee K, Kerr SJ, Sun LP, Ounchanum P, et al.; PREDICT Resilience Study. HIV-related enacted stigma and increased frequency of depressive symptoms among Thai and Cambodian adolescents and young adults with perinatal HIV. Int J STD AIDS. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 15];32(3):246-256. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462420960602.

Adeyemo S, Adeosun II, Ogun OC, Adewuya A, David AN, Adegbohun AA, et al. Depression and suicidality among adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus in Lagos, Nigeria. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 Oct 15];14:31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-020-00337-3.

Whembolua GL, Conserve DF, Thomas K, Tshiswaka DI, Handler L. HIV serostatus disclosure in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a systematic review. AIDS Care. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Oct 15];31(4):489-493. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1510103.

Ashaba S, Cooper-Vince C, Vořechovská D, Maling S, Rukundo GZ, Akena D, et al. Development and validation of a 20-item screening scale to detect major depressive disorder among adolescents with HIV in rural Uganda. SSM Popul Health. [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Oct 15];7:100332. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100332.

Durteste M, Kyselyova G, Volokha A, Judd A, Thorne C, Cortina-Borja M, et al. Anxiety symptoms and felt stigma among young people living with perinatally or behaviourally acquired HIV in Ukraine: a cross-sectional survey. PLoS One. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Oct 15];14(1):e0210412. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210412.

Lwidiko A, Kibusi SM, Nyundo A, Mpondo BCT. Association between HIV status and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in the Southern Highlands Zone, Tanzania: a case-control study. PLoS One. [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Oct 15];13(2):e0193145. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193145.

Kim MH, Mazenga AC, Yu X, Devandra A, Nguyen C, Ahmed S, et al. Factors associated with depression among adolescents living with HIV in Malawi. BMC Psychiatry. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2025 Oct 15];15:264. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0649-9.